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Home > World Tour > Scotland > Geography of Scotland
Geography of Scotland
Scotland (Gaelic: Alba) is a nation in northwest Europe and a constituent country of the United Kingdom. With a population of 5,094,000 and an area of 78,782 km², Scotland occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Scotland shares a 60 mile (96 km) land border to the south with England, and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. Scottish waters border those of Norway, the Faeroes, Iceland and Ireland. Apart from the mainland, Scotland consists of over 790 islands.
Total Area - 78,750 sq
km
Land 97%
Water 3%
Coastline 11,800 km (7,332 mi)
Land borders England 96 km (60 mi)
Highest point Ben Nevis 4,408 ft
Lowest point Atlantic Ocean, 0 m
Longest river River Tay 193 km (120 mi)
Largest inland body of water Loch Lomond 71 km2 (27.41 sq mi)
The topography of Scotland is distinguished by the Highland Boundary Fault – a geological rock fracture – which traverses the Scottish mainland from Helensburgh to Stonehaven. The faultline separates two distinctively different physiographic regions; namely the Highlands to the north and west and the lowlands to the south and east. The more rugged Highland region contains the majority of Scotland's mountainous terrain, including the highest peak, Ben Nevis. Lowland areas, in the southern part of Scotland, are flatter and home to most of the population, especially the narrow waist of land between the Firth of Clyde and the Firth of Forth known as the Central Belt. Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland, although Edinburgh is the capital and political centre of the country.
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